HIV means (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). To understand it can be broken down as:
Human – This particular virus infects human beings.
Immunodeficiency –By destroying ones,immunity cells HIV weakens your immune system efficiently. This is very dangerous as a “deficient and weak” immune system damages your body.
Virus – By taking the body of its host, a virus prepares the ground to reproduce rapidly destroying white blood cells with speed. White blood cells are immunity creating cells and hence an essential part of the blood. It finishes off white blood cells called CD4+ cells. Which makes the body weak leaving the body helpless to defend itself against infection.The body without an active immune system has trouble fighting off disease. The disease caused by the joint infection of the virus and infection are called HIV.
The virus progresses when antiretroviral (ARV) a drug therapy that slows or prevents the infection from proceeding further is not found in the infected person body. However, the rate of virus progression varies among individuals and on different factors. These common factors depend on the young age as a younger person can fight it effectively, the body's immunity to protect against HIV, access to sound healthcare systems, other infections body is carrying, the genetic inheritance and sensitivity to certain strains of HIV.
It does not entail the fact that a person who has HIV progresses to AIDS. A diagnosed HIV positive individual taking their antiretroviral (ARV) medication every day as prescribed can live a healthy life. They can also have children without HIV. Although, it does take a long time for HIV to progress to AIDS 8-10 years without treatment. Once HIV has diagnosed and progression to AIDS starts, certain medicines are given either through pills or injectable which can slow or stop the damage to the immune system. Inspite of that if AIDS develops, medications can often help make the immune systems somewhat healthy. People diagnosed with AIDS and taking their ARVs as advised by the physician, the amount of virus in their body often gets reduced to so low that they are not even being detected by standard tests. ARVs also prevent the virus from spreading further thus strengthening the immune system. The last deadly stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a profoundly weak immune system and get infections or cancers which are rare and deadly.
Some people remain ignorant of AIDS as they have no symptoms for several months or years even after contracting the virus,but around 75 percent may develop symptoms similar to flu 3–5 weeks after catching the virus. This is known as ARS or the acute retroviral syndrome.
The early symptoms HIV infection can be:
• Fever.
• Chills.
• Joint pain.
• Muscle aches.
• A sore throat.
• Enlargement of glands.
• Weakness and Weight loss.
Causes of HIV AIDS:
HIV can be transmitted by both men and women. These are the prominent risk factors aiding the induction and progression of HIV AIDS:
Risk factors for HIV AIDS
1) Having unprotected sex with multiple partners.
2) Have had sex without a condom with an HIV-positive partner.
3) Having ulcers or open sores on genitals.
4) Share needles during intravenous drug use or as done by drug addicts.
5) Received a blood transfusion or blood products.
Transmission of HIV AIDS Virus
HIV can be transferred from one person to another (transmitted) through:
1) By having sex – There is a chance that you may be infected if you have anal, vaginal or oral sex with a partner who is infected, whose blood, vaginal secretions or semen enter your body.During sexual activity, it happens that the virus can enter your body through mouth sores or small tears that are sometimes in the rectum or vagina.It is advisable to use condoms during intercourse. If all such precautions are taken appropriately, they can prove to be highly effective in protection of sexual transmission of HIV and other similar sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
2) From blood transfusions – In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions. Before taking the blood, it should be checked that the blood donor is not infected with AIDS. Blood banks are now taking extra steps to screen the blood supply for HIV antibodies, so this risk is minimal.
3) By sharing needles – HIV can be transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. After using the syringe, the syringe should be annihilated. This minimizes the risk of infections. An individual has a high risk of contracting hepatitis and other deadly diseases by sharing intravenous drug paraphernalia which also puts one at high risk of HIV and other transmitting diseases.
4) During pregnancy or delivery or through breast-feeding – In infant babies, infection transmits through their infecting mothers. The expecting mothers should get HIV checked and ensured that they significantly lower the risk to their babies providing their safe and long life for their babies.
There are many wrong conceptions about HIV and AIDS. You will never get HIV from:
a) Hugging or touching a person who is infected with HIV/AIDS.
b) Using public swimming pools or public bathroom.
c) Kissing or spitting.
d) Sharing cups, utensils, or telephones with someone who has HIV/AIDS.
e) Bug bites.
f) Casual contacts.
g) Sharing utensils or food items.
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