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Friday 5 January 2018

Diagnosis of AIDS and HIV

How can one diagnosis HIV?Frequently when people feel sick, they go to the doctor and tell about the symptoms which they are suffering from and the doctor immediately diagnose you. But in case of HIV infection, it is not as simple as in others are. 

Because the symptoms of this disease are widespread and you will feel like you have the terrible flu. Thus diagnosis HIV infection is indeed a difficult task. So, we cant able to diagnosis the HIV AIDS with the symptoms so how can one diagnosis the HIV AIDS. 

What is HIV AIDS test?
HIV test isan essential test for screening of the disease which is known AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency Syndrome).Now, when somebody wants to get screened for this disease, there are two types of the test involved in this process, one can go ahead with the following criteria. 

The first type of test is called as Antigen test,and there is another test which is antibody test.

So, who should undergo these tests?
For the patients who need to screen themselves at the initial stage of the HIV infection, for these patients, the doctor will advise an antibody test. When somebody undergoes anybody inspection, then the presence or absence of HIV will give us a definite diagnosis of a person suffering from HIV infection. If in any case, the Antibody test is positive, then antigen test is advised to confirm the diagnosis. 

Now in case if the antigen test comes out to be positive, then the doctor will advise further tests to confirm the diagnosis of the HIV infection. Like the tests CD4 count, P24 antigen test, Viral load test which gives a clear picture to the doctor with which the doctor can continue with the treatment of this particular patient.

Which is the routine which one has to follow for the confirmation of HIV infection? 
The regular HIV testing which is mainly carried out in labs for the screening of the blood donors, plasma donors or even in patients who wanted to confirm their HIV status. In this particular patient or persons, the routine test carried out is the antibody test. So, it is essential that one should go screen themselves with an antibody test if they want to check whether they are infected with HIV or not.

Other tests are:
Blood test: For diagnosis the HIV infection, one goes for the blood test in which the doctor looks for different compounds in the blood. In this, if the doctor finds the antibodies against the HIV or the doctor will look for the bits of the HIV itself which can make antibodies in a month. After such,the doctor will understand the extent of such infections. This is the most common way to diagnose the HIV infection. 

Although,there is a risk for 2 months that the result might be contrary.But with the enhancement of the technology, now we can diagnose HIV infection before two months. 

P24 antigen test: The test helps to detect the HIV as soon as it starts being produced in one’s body. In which the doctor see the stuff provided by our immune system. And this test looks for the HIV specific protein which is called as the P24. 

But it is difficult to detect the HIV earlier because a lot of patients don’t have any significant symptoms. So it is difficult to distinguish the HIV infection in the earlier stage while this test canidentify the HIV infection after two weeks. 

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test: If both the antigen test and the antibody test are positive? Then is it means that you have HIV? Then an ELISA test is performed to make sure that whether you have HIV carrier or not.

In this test, the blood sample of a person is mixed with the enzymes so that the doctor can detect whether a person is suffering from the HIV infection or not. If it comes out to be positive still the doctor double check to make sure that one has HIV infection.

Because there arecasesoflupus, syphilisin which a patient will have the positive results whether it is harmful. So the doctor takes another test to confirm the HIV infection.  Another test is to be made,and that is Western Blot.

Western Blot: This test checks your blood explicitly for the actual presence of the viral proteins. In this test, the doctor checks the proteins like GEP120 or GEP41, etc. The doctor looks for the protein which is produced by the HIV. So it is a double check test which will confirm the presence of the HIV infection. 

If somebody has positive ELISA test and the positive Western Blot test, then the diagnosis of the HIV infection is confirmed by the doctor to patients. 

But it is also a case, when the ELISA comes out to be positive while the Western Blot comes out to be negative then a person then you don’t have HIV infection.  But still,there are ninety-five percent chances that ELISA test will show the correct results. Only five percent cases are there when the ELISA test comes out to be standard,and the Western Blot comes out to be negative. 

CD4 Count Test:In this test, the doctor looks for the number of the CD4 proteins which has been attacked by the HIV and then tell the infection extent of the patient so that the doctor will be able to start the treatment of the patient. 

Viral Load test: This test is somewhat similar to the CD4 count test and tells about the level of the HIV infection, through which a person is suffering from. This test has been taken in every three to four months to check the infection condition and to check the work done by the anti-HIV drugs.  

Conclusion
These are the various tests through which a person undergoes to confirm whether the person has the HIV infection or whether not. There is also the test which comes out to be positive while a person does not have so the doctor double-checks by taking tests to diagnose the HIV infection.


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